Heller Industries Inc. | https://hellerindustries.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/leadfree.pdf
– Joints Look Ugly but are fine • Bismuth – Reduces melting point but joints can be brittle depending on formulation • Antimony – – Gives better stability at low temperatures when used with tin
Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA) | https://www.smta.org/icsr/speaker_forms/Paper-Format-Requirements.doc
” studied include varying levels of certain elemental additives. Common additives included in some of these alloys are, nickel (Ni), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb). This paper also includes a brief metallurgical analysis into the effects of
Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA) | https://www.smta.org/knowledge/journal.cfm
. Abstract 32-2 The Study of Dissolution of Bi Precipitates in Sn Using a Novel In Situ Heating Technique in the SEM Peter Banh, André M. Delhaise, Doug D. Perovic Abstract 32-2 Tin Whisker Formation in Bismuth-Containing Lead-Free Solder Alloys After Long-Term Ambient Temperature, High Humidity Storage, Part I
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