| https://www.eptac.com/ask/problems-with-pcb-micro-voiding/
. Can you give me some background on this issue, as we are trying to determine the root cause of this problem? Answer: IMC Microvoids, as defined in IPC-7095C Design and Assembly Process Implementation for BGAs, on page103. In the section
| https://www.eptac.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/eptac_06_22_16.pdf
| http://etasmt.com/cc?ID=te_news_bulletin,13161&url=_print
. Controlled tin flow direction; 5. The soldering surface does not move during reflow soldering. 1. Appropriate heat. Appropriate heat means that for the reflow soldering materials, there must be enough thermal energy to melt them and form an intermetallic interface (IMC
| https://www.eptac.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/eptac_07_18_12.pdf
| http://etasmt.com/te_news_bulletin/2019-12-17/13161.chtml
. 1. Appropriate heat. Appropriate heat means that for the reflow soldering materials, there must be enough thermal energy to melt them and form an intermetallic interface (IMC
| https://pcbasupplies.com/alloy-solder-paste-enig/
. Recommended for ENIG finish In ENIG finish, Sn-Ni IMC layer thickens and along with concentration of P causes the joint interface brittle.By adding Ni-compatible Cu, SB6NX forms a Ni barrier layer and effectively prevents the thickening of Sn-Ni IMC layer, realizing high joint reliability with ENIG finish
Heller Industries Inc. | https://hellerindustries.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Optimizing-Reflowed-Solder-TIM-sTIMs-Processes-for-Emerging-Heterogeneous.pdf
. The solubility of nickel in the indium is very low so diffusion-controlled growth of the intermetallic (IMC) layer is slow. On exposure to air, nickel forms a unsolderable oxide on its surface, so it is protected with a flash coating of gold. In
Surface Mount Technology Association (SMTA) | https://www.smta.org/smtai/courses.cfm
:00pm This course covers the detailed material considerations required for achieving high reliability for lead-free solder joints. The reliability discussed includes joint mechanical properties, development of type and extent of intermetallic compounds (IMC
Heller Industries Inc. | https://hellerindustries.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pan_APEX06.pdf
(Note that in SnPb solder joint, Cu6Sn5 present at the interface between SnPb solder and the Cu pad) and Ag3Cu intermetallic compound (IMC