Technical Library | 2020-11-09 16:59:53.0
A customer contacted ACI Technologies regarding a high failure rate of their assemblies. They provided assemblies to be X-rayed and inspected for the purpose of identifying any process related issues such as (but not limited to) solder and assembly workmanship and evidence of damage due to moisture related problems during reflow (a.k.a. "popcorning"). Moisture damage usually appears as physical damage to the component. The first indication of moisture damage would be externally observable changes to the package in the form of bulging or fractures to the outer surface of the component, an example of which is shown in Figure 1. Internally observable indicators of moisture damage typically include fractures to the die inside the package and lifted or fractured wire bonds. These conditions would be apparent during transmissive X-ray inspection. Another symptom of moisture related damage would be inconsistent solder joint sizes that result from package deformation during the liquidus phase of the reflow process. None of these indicators of moisture related damage were present on the customer samples.
Technical Library | 2023-12-01 11:08:12.0
Choosing the Right Model I.C.T SMT Coating Machine In the realm of SMT Coating Machine, I.C.T offers an extensive array of advanced models tailored to diverse production needs. The choice of the right machine significantly influences the efficiency and precision of your conformal coating process. This article will provide an in-depth exploration of I.C.T's PCB conformal coating spray machine models, specifically the I.C.T-T550, I.C.T-T550U, I.C.T-T600, and I.C.T-T650, assisting you in making an informed decision aligned with your specific requirements. I.C.T PCB Conformal Coating Spray Machines Overview I.C.T, renowned for its commitment to innovation, quality, and safety, ensures all models hold CE certification. Let's delve into the key distinctions between these models and the essential factors to consider when selecting the ideal machine for your needs. I.C.T-T550: Precision in Simplicity The I.C.T-T550 SMT Coating Machine model features two critical valves: the atomization valve and the precision valve. If you're interested in exploring a variety of coating valves, simply click here for more information. Ideal for applications where fixed valves suffice, the I.C.T-T550, lacking rotation or tilting capabilities, ensures consistent and reliable results for straightforward conformal coating requirements. I.C.T-T550U: Unleash Flexibility For those requiring more versatility, the I.C.T-T550U SMT Coating Machine model is designed to meet your needs. The addition of a rotating U-axis empowers the valves to rotate a full 360 degrees and tilt up to 35 degrees, enabling precise coating in challenging, intricate areas. The I.C.T-T550U's flexibility makes it an excellent choice for a wide range of applications. I.C.T-T600: Doubling Efficiency Closely resembling the I.C.T-T550 SMT Coating Machine, the I.C.T-T600 boasts a unique feature – equipped with two atomization valves. This dual-valve setup enables simultaneous coating of two PCBs, effectively doubling production efficiency. Ideal for applications prioritizing speed and efficiency, the I.C.T-T600 SMT Coating Machine streamlines the coating process. I.C.T-T650: Versatility Redefined In cases requiring different valves for comprehensive coating, the I.C.T-T650 SMT Coating Machine is the solution. This model features two atomization valves and two precision valves, offering exceptional flexibility for diverse conformal coating applications. The I.C.T-T650 SMT Coating Machine ensures precise and reliable results for even the most complex coating needs. Conclusion: PCB Conformal Coating Spray Machines Selecting the right I.C.T PCB conformal coating spray machine is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of your production process. Consider factors such as the size, complexity, and coating requirements of your PCBAs. Rest assured, I.C.T's unwavering commitment to innovation, quality, and safety guarantees the perfect solution to elevate your conformal coating endeavors. If you need further guidance or wish to tap into the expertise of I.C.T professional engineers for designing a customized coating production line, do not hesitate to reach out. We are here to help you achieve optimal results while meeting European safety standards. If uncertain about whether your product requires a PCB dispensing machine or coating machine, feel free to reach out directly or click here to read our comprehensive guide for further insights: Differences Between Coating & Dispensing.
Technical Library | 2021-12-16 01:45:05.0
In the 1990's, both BGA (Ball Grid Array) and CSP (Chip Size Package) are entering their end in the front-end packaging materials and process technology. Both BGA and CSP like SMD (Surface Mount Device) from the I 980's and THD (Through-Hole mount Device) from the 1970's are reaching its own impasse in terms of maximizing its electrical, mechanical, and thermal performances, size, weight, and reliability.
Technical Library | 2007-01-03 16:36:58.0
Solder paste dispensing is not a new process. However, today's microelectronics present a daunting array of technical challenges to meet deposit size requirements. The need for better paste formulations, more precise equipment, and more tightly controlled processes is driving paste suppliers and equipment suppliers to develop new methods and materials. The most challenging solder paste deposits are those smaller than 0.25mm in diameter and today’s electronics demand such deposits. This paper addresses the process requirements for solder paste micro-deposits in terms of material, equipment and process variable control required for success in producing 0.25mm and smaller deposits.
Technical Library | 2016-11-03 17:53:56.0
We present a novel method for fabricating a high-density carbon nanotube microelectrode array (MEA) chip. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and thermal chemical vapor deposition. The device was characterized using electrochemical experiments such as cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and potential transient measurements. Through-silicon vias (TSVs) were fabricated and partially filled with polycrystalline silicon to allow electrical connection from the high-density electrodes to a stimulator microchip.In response to the demand for higher resolution implants, we have developed a unique process to obtain a high-density electrode array by making the microelectrodes smaller in size and designing new ways of routing the electrodes to current sources.
Technical Library | 2020-05-26 22:28:56.0
Both the number and the variants of Ball Grid Array packages (BGAs) are tending to increase on network Printed Board Assemblies (PBAs)with sizes ranging from a few mm die size Wafer Level Packages (WLPs) with low ball count up to large multi-die System-in-Package (SiP) BGAs with 60-70 mm side lengths and thousands of I/Os.
Technical Library | 2010-03-04 18:11:53.0
While the electronics manufacturing industry has been occupied with the challenge of RoHS compliance and with it, Pb-free soldering, established trends of increasing functionality and miniaturization have continued. The increasing use of ultra-fine pitch and area-array devices presents challenges in both printing and flux technology. With the decrease in both the size and the pitch of said components, new problems may arise, such as head-in-pillow and graping defects
Technical Library | 2023-11-20 18:49:11.0
Non-destructive testing during the manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWBs) has become ever more important for checking product quality without compromising productivity. Using x-ray inspection, not only provides a non-destructive test but also allows investigation within optically hidden areas, such as the quality of post solder reflow of area array devices (e.g. BGAs, CSPs and flip chips). As the size of components continues to diminish, today's x-ray inspection systems must provide increased magnification, as well as better quality x-ray images to provide the necessary analytical information. This has led to a number of x-ray manufacturers offering digital x-ray inspection systems, either as standard or as an option, to satisfy these needs. This paper will review the capabilities that these digital x-ray systems offer compared to their analogue counterparts. There is also a discussion of the various types of digital x-ray systems that are available and how the use of different digital detectors influences the operational capabilities that such systems provide.
Technical Library | 2020-07-15 18:29:34.0
In the early 2000s the first fine-pitch ball grid array devices became popular with designers looking to pack as much horsepower into as small a space as possible. "Smaller is better" became the rule and with that the mechanical drilling world became severely impacted by available drill bit sizes, aspect ratios, and plating methodologies. First of all, the diameter of the drill needed to be in the 0.006" or smaller range due to the reduction of pad size and spacing pitch. Secondly, the aspect ratio (depth to diameter) became limited by drill flute length, positional accuracy, rigidity of the tools (to prevent breakage), and the throwing power of acid copper plating systems. And lastly, the plating needed to close up the hole as much as possible, which led to problems with voiding, incomplete fill, and gas/solution entrapment.
Technical Library | 2013-06-13 15:31:24.0
Electromigration (EM) is a mass transportation mechanism driven by electron wind force, thermal gradient, chemical potential and stress gradient. According to Moore’s law, number of transistors on integrated circuits (ICs) doubles approximately every 2 years. Moore’s law holds true since its introduction in 1970s. This insatiable demand for smaller ICs size, larger integration and higher Input/Output (IO) count of microelectronics has made ball grid array (BGA) the most promising connection type in electronic packaging industry. This trend, however, renders EM reliability of solders joints a major bottleneck to hinder further development of electronics industry...
Electronic Packaging Laboratory, State University of New York
