Technical Library | 2019-07-10 23:36:14.0
Pockets of gas, or voids, trapped in the solder interface between discrete power management devices and circuit assemblies are, unfortunately, excellent insulators, or barriers to thermal conductivity. This resistance to heat flow reduces the electrical efficiency of these devices, reducing battery life and expected functional life time of electronic assemblies. There is also a corresponding increase in current density (as the area for current conduction is reduced) that generates additional heat, further leading to performance degradation.
Technical Library | 2017-07-20 15:18:15.0
As electronic devices increase functionality in smaller form factors, there will be limitations, obstacles and challenges to overcome. Advances in component technology can create issues that may have time delayed effects. One such effect is device failure due to soldering residues trapped under bottom terminated components. If the residues trapped under the component termination are active and can be mobilized with moisture, there is the potential for ion mobilization causing current leakage.
Technical Library | 2014-10-23 18:10:10.0
The functional reliability of electronic circuits determines the overall reliability of the product in which the final products are used. Market forces including more functionality in smaller components, no-clean lead-free solder technologies, competitive forces and automated assembly create process challenges. Cleanliness under the bottom terminations must be maintained in harsh environments. Residues under components can attract moisture and lead to leakage currents and the potential for electrochemical migration (...) The purpose of this research study is to evaluate innovative spray and soak methods for removing low residue flux residues and thoroughly rinsing under Bottom Termination and Leadless Components
Technical Library | 2015-07-14 13:19:10.0
Bottom terminated components (BTC) are leadless components where terminations are protectively plated on the underside of the package. They are all slightly different and have different names, such as QFN (quad flat no lead), DFN (dual flat no lead), LGA (land grid array) and MLF (micro lead-frame. BTC assembly has increased rapidly in recent years. This type of package is attractive due to its low cost and good performance like improved signal speeds and enhanced thermal performance. However, bottom terminated components do not have any leads to absorb the stress and strain on the solder joints. It relies on the correct amount of solder deposited during the assembly process for having a good solder joint quality and reliable reliability. Voiding is typically seen on the BTC solder joint, especially on the thermal pad of the component. Voiding creates a major concern on BTC component’s solder joint reliability. There is no current industry standard on the voiding criteria for bottom terminated component. The impact of voiding on solder joint reliability and the impact of voiding on the heat transfer characteristics at BTC component are not well understood. This paper will present some data to address these concerns.
Technical Library | 2013-07-25 14:02:15.0
Bottom-termination components (BTC), such as QFNs, are becoming more common in PCB assemblies. These components are characterized by hidden solder joints. How are defects on hidden DFN joints detected? Certainly, insufficient solder joints on BTCs cannot be detected by manual visual inspection. Nor can this type of defect be detected by automated optical inspection; the joint is hidden by the component body. Defects such as insufficients are often referred to as "marginal" defects because there is likely enough solder present to make contact between the termination on the bottom-side of the component and the board pad for the component to pass in-circuit and functional test. Should the board be subjected to shock or vibration, however, there is a good chance this solder connection will fracture, leading to an open connection.
Technical Library | 2022-12-19 18:59:51.0
Material and Process Characterization studies can be used to quantify the harmful effects that might arise from solder flux and other process residues left on external surfaces after soldering. Residues present on an electronic assembly can cause unwanted electrochemical reactions leading to intermittent performance and total failure. Components with terminations that extend underneath the package can trap flux residue. These bottom terminated components are flush with the bottom of the device and can have small solderable terminations located along the perimeter sides of the package. The clearance between power and ground render high electrical forces, which can propagate electrochemical interactions when exposed to atmospheric moisture (harsh environments). The purpose of this research is to predict and understand the functional performance of residues present under single row QFN component packages. The objective of the research study is to develop and collect a set of guidelines for understanding the relationship between ionic contamination and electrical performance of a BTC component when exposed to atmospheric moisture and the trade-offs between electrical, ionic contamination levels, and cleanliness. Utilizing the knowledge gained from undertaking the testing of QFN components and associated DOE, the team will establish a reference Test Suite and Test Spec for cleanliness.
Technical Library | 2023-09-18 14:10:01.0
As with many advancements in the electronics industry, consumer electronics is driving the trends for electronic packaging technologies toward reducing size and increasing functionality. Microelectronics meeting the technology needs for higher performance, reduced power consumption and size, and off the- shelf availability. Due to the breadth of work being performed in the area of microelectronics packaging/components, this report limits it presentation to board design, manufacturing, and processing parameters on assembly reliability for leadless (e.g., quad flat no-lead (QFN) or a generic term of bottom termination component (BTC)) packages. This style of package was selected for investigation because of its significant growth, lower cost, and improved functionality, especially for use in an RF application.
Technical Library | 2023-11-20 17:30:11.0
Summary for today 1. Electronic component inspection and failure analysis. 2. Component counting and material management. 3. Reverse engineering. 4. Counterfeit detection. 5. Real-time defect verification. 6. Computed tomography (CT) techniques and how to differentiate between 2D, 2.5D, and 3D x-ray inspection. 7. Design for manufacturing (DFM) and design for x-ray inspection (DFXI). 8. Voids, bridging, and head-in-pillow failures in bottom terminated components (BTC). 9. Artificial Intelligence and x-ray inspection
Technical Library | 2020-12-29 20:55:46.0
Voiding in solder joints has been studied extensively, and the effects of many variables compared and contrasted with respect to voiding performance. Solder paste flux, solder powder size, stencil design, circuit board design, via-in-pad design, surface finish, component size, reflow profile, vacuum reflow, nitrogen reflow and other parameters have been varied and voiding quantified for each. The results show some differences in voiding performance with respect to most of these variables but these variables are not independent of each other. Voiding in solder joints is a complex issue that often requires multiple approaches to reduce voiding below required limits. This paper focuses on solutions to voiding for commonly used bottom terminated components (BTCs).
Technical Library | 2018-05-23 12:12:43.0
Driven by miniaturization, cost reduction and tighter requirements for electrical and thermal performance, the use of lead-frame based bottom-termination components (LF-BTC) as small-outline no-leads (SON), quad-flat no leads (QFN) packages etc., is increasing. However, a major distractor for the use of such packages in high-reliability applications has been the lack of a visible solder (toe) fillet on the edge surface of the pins: because the post-package assembly singulation process typically leaves bare copper leadframe at the singulation edge, which is not protected against oxidation and thus does not easily solder-wet, a solder fillet (toe fillet) does not generally develop.
IPC is the trade association for the printed wiring board and electronics assembly industries.
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