Technical Library | 2012-11-01 20:54:49.0
First published in the 2012 IPC APEX EXPO technical conference proceedings. The continuous progression toward portable, high frequency microelectronic systems has placed high demands on material performance, notably low dielectric constants (Dk), low loss tangent (Df), low moisture uptake, and good thermal stability. Epoxy resins are the workhorses of the electronic industry. Significant performance enhancements have been obtained through the use of PPE telechelic macromonomers with epoxy resins. However, there is a ceiling on the performance obtainable from epoxy-based resins. Therefore, non-epoxy based dielectric materials are used to fulfill the need for higher performance.
Technical Library | 2015-04-30 20:17:03.0
Higher-speed signal transmission is increasingly required on a printed circuit board to handle massive data in electronic systems. So, signal transmission loss of copper wiring on a printed circuit board has been studied. First, total signal loss was divided into dielectric loss and conductor loss quantitatively based on electromagnetic theory. In particular, the scattering loss due to surface roughness of copper foil has been examined in detail. And the usefulness of the copper foil with low surface roughness has been demonstrated.
Technical Library | 2021-03-04 15:22:33.0
Copper clad laminates (CCLs) with low dissipation factor (Df) are urgently needed in the fields of high-frequency communications devices. A novel resin matrix of modified poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4- phenylene ether) (MPPE) and styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) was employed in the fabrication of high-frequency copper clad laminates (CCLs). The composites were reinforced by E-glass fabrics, which were modified with phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES). The composite laminates obtained exhibited impressive dielectric loss of 0.0027 at 10 GHz when the weight ratio of MPPE to SEBS was 5:1.
Technical Library | 2021-07-27 14:57:18.0
It should be noted that this is an overview paper that represents the early stages of an ongoing investigation into the causes and effects between conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation and printed wiring board (PWB) material damage. Our belief is that certain or specific types of material damage can increase the propensity for CAF formation. The preliminary data collected suggests is that there is no statistical correlation between the general definition of material damage (cohesive failure) and CAF. The resulting dichotomy is that we find no CAF failures in some coupons that have obvious material damage and we find CAF failures in coupons that don't exhibit material damage.
Technical Library | 2007-05-09 18:26:16.0
High Density Interconnect (HDI) technology is fast becoming the enabling technology for the next generation of small portable electronic communication devices. These methods employ many different dielectrics and via fabrication technologies. In this research, the effect of the proximity of microvias to Plated Through Holes (PTHs) and its effect on the reliability of the microvias was extensively evaluated. The reliability of microvia interconnect structures was evaluated using Liquid-To-Liquid Thermal Shock (LLTS) testing (-55oC to +125oC). Comprehensive failure analysis was performed on microvias fabricated using different via fabrication technologies.
Technical Library | 2013-09-05 17:44:14.0
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are localized surface electromagnetic waves that propagate along the interface between a metal and a dielectric. Owing to their inherent subwavelength confinement, SPPs have a strong potential to become building blocks of a type of photonic circuitry built up on 2D metal surfaces; however, SPPs are difficult to control on curved surfaces conformably and flexibly to produce advanced functional devices. Here we propose the concept of conformal surface plasmons (CSPs), surface plasmon waves that can propagate on ultrathin and flexible films to long distances in a wide broadband range from microwave to mid-infrared frequencies.
Technical Library | 2016-09-15 17:10:40.0
This paper describes the purpose, methodology, and results to date of thermal endurance testing performed at the company. The intent of this thermal aging testing is to establish long term reliability data for printed wiring board (PWB) materials for use in applications that require 20+ years (100,000+ hours) of operational life under different thermal conditions. Underwriters Laboratory (UL) testing only addresses unclad laminate (resin and glass) and not a fabricated PWB that undergoes many processing steps, includes copper and plated through holes, and has a complex mechanical structure. UL testing is based on a 5000 hour expected operation life of the electronic product. Therefore, there is a need to determine the dielectric breakdown / degradation of the composite printed circuit board material and mechanical structure over time and temperature for mission critical applications.
Technical Library | 2017-08-24 16:53:20.0
With the rapid development of the information industry, increasing attention is being paid to the dielectric performance of base materials including copper-clad laminates (CCL) and prepregs. In addition to the increasingly high performance requirements of CCL's, the present global attention to less toxic products is leading to an increase in the use of halogen-free flame retardants in electronics. (...) This paper introduces a new phosphonate oligomer which can be used as a reactive flame retardant in epoxy based resin systems. Suitable conditions for the complete reaction between the phosphonate oligomer and epoxy resin are described and the resulting halogen-free laminates with improved properties such as low Df, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high peel strength, and good toughness are presented.
Technical Library | 2019-02-06 22:02:08.0
The High Density Packaging (HDP) user group has completed a project to evaluate the majority of viable Dk (Dielectric Constant)/Df (Dissipation Factor) and delay/loss electrical test methods, with a focus on the methods used for speeds above 2 GHz. A comparison of test methods from 1 to 2 GHz through to higher test frequencies was desired, testing a variety of laminate materials (standard volume production with UL approval, low loss, and "halogen-free" laminate materials). Variations in the test board material resin content/construction and copper foil surface roughness/type were minimized. Problems with Dk/Df and loss test methods and discrepancies in results are identified, as well as possible correlations or relationships among these higher speed test methods.
Technical Library | 2020-08-13 00:59:03.0
The paper will discuss the integration of 3D printing and inkjet printing fabrication technologies for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. With the recent advancements in 3D and inkjet printing technology, achieving resolution down to 50 um, it is feasible to fabricate electronic components and antennas operating in the millimeter-wave regime. The nature of additive manufacturing allows designers to create custom components and devices for specialized applications and provides an excellent and inexpensive way of prototyping electronic designs. The combination of multiple printable materials enables the vertical integration of conductive, dielectric, and semi-conductive materials which are the fundamental components of passive and active circuit elements such as inductors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors. Also, the on-demand manner of printing can eliminate the use of subtractive fabrication processes, which are necessary for conventional microfabrication processes such as photolithography, and drastically reduce the cost and material waste of fabrication.
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