Technical Library | 2023-01-17 17:27:13.0
Reflow profile has significant impact on solder joint performance because it influences wetting and microstructure of the solder joint. The degree of wetting, the microstructure (in particular the intermetallic layer), and the inherent strength of the solder all factor into the reliability of the solder joint. This paper presents experimental results on the effect of reflow profile on both 63%Sn 37%Pb (SnPb) and 96.5%Sn 3.0%Ag 0.5%Cu (SAC 305) solder joint shear force. Specifically, the effect of the reflow peak temperature and time above solder liquidus temperature are studied. Nine reflow profiles for SAC 305 and nine reflow profiles for SnPb have been developed with three levels of peak temperature (230 o C, 240 o C, and 250 o C for SAC 305; and 195 o C, 205 o C, and 215 o C for SnPb) and three levels of time above solder liquidus temperature (30 sec., 60 sec., and 90 sec.). The shear force data of four different sizes of chip resistors (1206, 0805, 0603, and 0402) are compared across the different profiles. The shear force of the resistors is measured at time 0 (right after assembly). The fracture surfaces have been studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)
Technical Library | 2024-06-20 22:53:23.0
A leading electronic hearing device manufacturer reduced UV precise coating cycle time by 79% with advanced automation. A manual process of hand brushing UV coating onto components was replaced by an automated solution from Nordson to increase production volumes, improve quality, and reduce costs for this complex application. Download the paper to learn the details of the application.
Technical Library | 2012-12-17 22:05:22.0
Package on Package (PoP) has become a relatively common component being used in mobile electronics as it allows for saving space in the board layout due to the 3D package layout. To insure device reliability through drop tests and thermal cycling as well as for protecting proprietary programming of the device either one or both interconnect layers are typically underfilled. When underfill is applied to a PoP, or any component for that matter, there is a requirement that the board layout is such that there is room for an underfill reservoir so that the underfill material does not come in contact with surrounding components. The preferred method to dispensing the underfill material is through a jetting process that minimizes the wet out area of the fluid reservoir compared to traditional needle dispensing. To further minimize the wet out area multiple passes are used so that the material required to underfill the component is not dispensed at once requiring a greater wet out area. Dispensing the underfill material in multiple passes is an effective way to reduce the wet out area and decrease the distance that surrounding components can be placed, however, this comes with a process compromise of additional processing time in the underfill dispenser. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight to the inverse relationship that exists between the wet out area of the underfill reservoir and the production time for the underfill process.
Technical Library | 2023-12-27 12:27:29.0
Background Of SMT Auto IC Programming Machines In the dynamic landscape of electronics manufacturing, SMT Auto IC Programming Machines, also known as IC Programmers, have become indispensable tools. These machines play a crucial role in the semiconductor industry, addressing the escalating demand for efficient programming tools as electronic devices become more intricate. Specifically designed to load firmware or programs onto integrated circuits (ICs), these machines ensure the functionality of ICs and facilitate their seamless integration into various electronic applications. Significance Of SMT Auto IC Programming Machines The significance of SMT Auto IC Programming Machines lies in their ability to streamline the manufacturing process of electronic devices. ICs, ranging from microcontrollers to memory chips, serve as the central processing units in electronic systems. IC Programming Machines enable the customization of these ICs, allowing manufacturers to program specific functionalities, update firmware, and adapt to diverse applications. Furthermore, these machines contribute significantly to the rapid development of new products. In a market where time-to-market is critical, IC Programming Machines provide the flexibility to quickly program different ICs, reducing production lead times and enhancing overall efficiency. Operational Principles Of IC Programming Machines Hardware Architecture SMT Auto IC Programming Machines consist of a sophisticated hardware architecture comprising a controller, socket, pin detection system, and additional peripherals. The controller acts as the brain, orchestrating the programming process, while the socket provides a connection interface for the IC. Programming Algorithms At the core of IC Programming Machines are various programming algorithms encompassing essential operations such as erasure, writing, and verification. The choice of algorithms depends on the specific requirements of the IC and the desired functionality. Communication Protocols Effective communication between the IC Programming Machine and the target IC is facilitated by standardized communication protocols such as JTAG, SPI, and I2C. The selection of a particular protocol is influenced by factors such as data transfer speed, complexity, and compatibility with the IC. Advanced Features And Characteristics Equipped with advanced features like parallel programming, support for multiple ICs, and online programming, IC Programming Machines elevate their capabilities, enhancing production efficiency and flexibility. Practical Applications IC Programming Machines find practical applications across various industries, from automotive electronics to consumer electronics. Case studies illustrate how these machines contribute to improved production workflows and product quality by ensuring programmed ICs meet specific application requirements. Future Trends Looking ahead, the future of SMT Auto IC Programming Machines holds exciting prospects. Anticipated trends include advancements in programming speed, support for emerging communication protocols, and increased integration with smart manufacturing systems. These developments aim to address the evolving demands of the electronics industry. I.C.T-910 Programming Machine Invest in the I.C.T-910 for an efficient and reliable IC programming experience. The I.C.T-910 complies with European safety standards, holding a CE certificate that attests to its quality and adherence to safety regulations. Our skilled engineers at I.C.T are committed to ensuring your success by providing professional training and assistance with equipment installation. I.C.T: Your Comprehensive SMT Equipment Provider I.C.T stands as a comprehensive SMT equipment provider, offering end-to-end solutions for your SMT production line needs. Tailoring services to your specific requirements and product specifications, we conduct a thorough analysis to determine the precise SMT equipment that suits your needs. Our commitment is to deliver the highest quality and cost-effective solutions, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency for your production processes. Partner with I.C.T for a customized approach to SMT equipment that aligns perfectly with your manufacturing goals. Contact us for an inquiry today.
Technical Library | 2019-05-29 23:10:30.0
There are times when a PCB prototype needs to be built quickly to test out a design. In such cases where it is known early on that there will be multiple iterations or that a "one and done" assembly will be made that there will be some SMT assemblers who choose to hand print solder paste onto the board using a "frameless" stencil. In such cases where hand printing is used, the consistency of the printing technique has typically been in question. Furthermore, the effectiveness of both the nanocoatings as well as the higher end stainless steel materials, which have been heretofore studied in controlled printing environments, will be evaluated for their impact on the hand printing process.The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of select nanocoating materials as well as certain high end stainless steel stencil materials as they relate to the manual SMT printing process. A variety of nanocoatings were applied to SMT metal stencils and solder paste volume measurements were taken to compare the effectiveness.
Technical Library | 2021-03-24 01:34:35.0
In this article we propose a generic test script for real=time embedded software system testing, which has been applied to ATE (Automated Test Equipment). After a summary of the theory about embedded software automated test based on test script, the design philosophy and implementation details are described. We have chosen an ATE and integrated python interpreter into it.
Technical Library | 2021-07-27 14:49:16.0
Conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation, a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBs) that are exposed to high humidity and voltage gradients, has caused catastrophic field failures. CAF is an electrochemical migration failure mechanism in PWBs. In this article, we discuss CAF, the factors that enhance it, and the necessary conditions for its occurrence. Published studies are discussed, and the results of historical mean time to failure models are summarized. Potential reasons for CAF enhancement solutions are discussed, and possible directions in which to develop anti-CAF materials are proposed.
Technical Library | 2014-06-12 16:40:19.0
Occurrence of popcorn in IC packages while assembling them onto the PCB is a well known moisture sensitive reliability issues, especially for surface mount packages. Commonly reflow soldering simulation process is conducted to assess the impact of assembling IC package onto PCB. A strain gauge-based instrumentation is developed to investigate the popcorn effect in surface mount packages during reflow soldering process. The instrument is capable of providing real-time quantitative information of the occurrence popcorn phenomenon in IC packages. It is found that the popcorn occur temperatures between 218 to 241°C depending on moisture soak condition, but not at the peak temperature of the reflow process. The presence of popcorn and delamination are further confirmed by scanning acoustic tomography as a failure analysis.
WASET - World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Technical Library | 2017-06-13 17:14:59.0
For tin-rich solder alloys, 200 C (392 F) is an extreme temperature. Intermetallic growth in tin-copper systems is known to occur and is believed to bear a direct relationship to failure mechanisms. This study of morphological changes with time at elevated temperatures was made to determine growth rates of tin-copper intermetallics. Preferred growth directions, rates of thickening, and notable changes in morphology were observed.Each of four tin-base alloys was flowed on copper and exposed to temperatures between 100 C and 200 C for time periods of up to 32 days. Metallographic sections were taken and the intermetallics were examined. Intermetallic layer thickening is characterized by several distinct stages. The initial growth of side plates is extremely rapid and exaggerated. This is followed by retrogression (spheroidization) of the elongated peaks and by general thick-
Technical Library | 2022-09-12 14:07:47.0
Unique component handling issues can arise when an assembly factory uses highly-moisture sensitive surface mount devices (SMDs). This work describes how the distribution of moisture within the molded plastic body of a SMD is an important variable for survivability. JEDEC/IPC [1] moisture level rated packages classified as Levels 4-5a are shown to require additional handling constraints beyond the typical out-of-bag exposure time tracking. Nitrogen or desiccated cabinet containment is shown as a safe and effective means for long-term storage provided the effects of prior out-of-bag exposure conditions are taken into account. Moisture diffusion analyses coupled with experimental verification studies show that time in storage is as important a variable as floor-life exposure for highly-moisture sensitive devices. Improvements in floor-life survivability can be obtained by a handling procedure that includes cyclic storage in low humidity containment. SMDs that have exceeded their floor-life limits are analyzed for proper baking schedules. Optimized baking schedules can be adopted depending on a knowledge of the exposure conditions and the moisture sensitivity level of the device.
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